Colonoscopy Introduction

A colonoscopy is a procedure which allows a doctor to view inside the large intestine (colon) using a tool called a colonoscope. A key advantage of the procedure is that, when needed, other instruments can be passed through the colonoscope. These may be used, for example, to painlessly remove a suspicious-looking growth or to biopsy, that is, take a small piece of tissue for further analysis. Although colonoscopy is the best test available to detect and treat abnormalities within the colon, other alternative procedures are abdominal x-ray, computed tomography (CT scan), abdominal ultrasound, barium enema, sigmoidoscopy and, more recently, an alternative is a Virtual colonoscopy. These exams, however, do not allow direct viewing of the colon, removal of polyps, or the completion of biopsies, so, if an abnormality is found during one of these procedures, a colonoscopy may still be required to biopsy or remove the abnormality.

Patient Preparation For A Colonoscopy

You will be given instructions in advance that will outline what you should and should not do in preparation for colonoscopy. Central to these instructions is the need to cleanse the intestinal tract, modify diet and manage medications; be sure to read and follow those instructions. It is particularly important to inform the physician of all medications or vitamins taken regularly or if you are pregnant (or think you might be pregnant) or if you have heart, lung or other medical conditions that may need special attention, and, finally, if you have a history of bleeding disorders or if you are taking any anticoagulant (blood-thinning) medications, aspirin, or other medications that affect blood clotting. Arrangements should be made for transportation after the surgery is complete.

What to expect during and after a Colonoscopy

The procedure takes about 30 minutes to perform and is seldom remembered by the sedated patient. The sedative and pain medication usually cause most patients to dose off during the procedure. An intravenous line is inserted into the arm to administer a sedative and a painkiller. Also, your heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen level will be monitored during the procedure. Once you are fully relaxed, you will be asked to lie on your left side with your knees bent towards your chest. Your doctor will first do a rectal exam with a gloved, lubricated finger; then the lubricated colonoscope will be gently inserted into the anus and gently advanced into the rectum and colon. As the scope is slowly and carefully passed, you may feel as if you need to move your bowels, and because air is introduced to help advance the scope, you may feel some cramping or fullness. Generally, however, there is little or no discomfort. The physician will examine the colon. If a polyp is seen, it may be removed, biopsied, or left alone until a subsequent operation is performed.

After the procedure is competed you will be taken to the recovery area and monitored until the medication has worn off. After recovery, the physician will explain the results to you, provide instructions on care and diet and then your driver will be allowed to take you home. It is normal to experience mild cramping or abdominal pressure following the exam. This usually subsides in an hour or so, after the air has been expelled. Notify your physician to report any of the following: fever and/or chills, frequent bloody stools, abdominal pain and/or bloating, inability to pass gas.